13:03:27 And then I am going to hit record
13:03:35 Alright there with me 1 s here. Alright, can everybody see the presentation clearly?
13:03:52 I can Okay, Great. alright. so hello! everybody thank you for participating in today's training for freshwater harmful albums or F Habs and the North Coast region my name is Mike Thomas and I am the
13:04:07 Fb: monitoring and response program coordinator for region.
13:04:11 One many of you have met and worked with Kerry and Lopez.
13:04:16 Rich fadedness, and Catherine Carter, over the years who have been instrumental in the development of our F have program.
13:04:24 Unfortunately, potentially rich, and Catherine cannot join us today.
13:04:30 But Karen is here to help monitor the chat and participate in the discussions.
13:04:35 I just wanted to start by saying, monitoring and responding to F.
13:04:41 Habs, and our region would not be possible without the help of all of you.
13:04:44 Our local partners. Our goal today is to assist you in establishing or building out your F.
13:04:50 Have programs So we can all provide greater coverage for this important issue.
13:04:59 So here's the outline of what we'll cover in today's training.
13:05:05 I'll start with a general introduction Then work my way into various surveillance and monitoring techniques.
13:05:10 How to report and respond to haves our benthic recommendations with a case study as an example and the various resources we have available.
13:05:21 We will take a short break about halfway through today's training.
13:05:26 I would happy to take any urgent questions during that break.
13:05:29 But again, we also have Karyan, who will monitor the chat if you have any questions.
13:05:37 But also we have saved a lot of time at the end of today's training for questions and answers
13:05:47 So with that we'll begin just so we're on the page right off the bat.
13:05:53 Let's look at our terminology here, although algae can be harmful in certain scenarios mainly what we are referring to when we say harmful algae or blue green algae are we really
13:06:05 talking about toxin producing sino bacteria as illustrated here on the right, in this family tree Cyan, a bacteria, are ancient life forms with primitive cell structures, and fall in the domain
13:06:18 bacteria, whereas Algae come onto the scene later in Domain Eukarya. And this includes higher land plants, fungi, and animals, including humans. whoops.
13:06:35 Sorry sign on bacteria have been key to the development of our oxygen atmosphere through early photosynthesis.
13:06:41 They form the base of our aquatic food websites, and are found everywhere from aquatic to terrestrial environments, because cyanobacteria, analogy, look and act similar.
13:06:52 They were previously lumped together. However, these are very different organisms
13:06:59 So when we refer to harmful albums in the north coast region, we are usually referring to a proliferation of cyanobacteria and water.
13:07:07 These blooms have several negative impacts, including impacts to ecosystem function through fish kills or altering food webs.
13:07:17 They are not visually appeasing, so they may have economic impacts to real estate and recreation, and blooms also affect drinking water resources by producing taste in order compounds.
13:07:29 But sino bacteria are generally termed harmful, because they can produce toxins that impact humans and animals through skin contact.
13:07:36 Inhalation or ingestion toxin proof producing sino bacterial will be the focus of today's training
13:07:49 Here are the common classes of sinotoxins that are found in the north coast region.
13:07:55 Each class has different talks, effects that either target the nervous system liver and or kidney sino toxins can also elicit skin reactions through Dermal contact.
13:08:08 Health effects very from rashes to headaches to flu, like symptoms and gastrointestinal illnesses, but can also be fatal in extreme cases.
13:08:20 There are also several different types or variance within a sign of a toxin class that can vary in their toxicity.
13:08:30 As you can see, microsystems and notularians have over 200 variants, while Anatoxins have only 4 documented variants
13:08:43 So when discussing halves, we need to keep in mind that there are 2 general types of blooms, planktonic and benfick planktonic halves are your floating blooms that can appear as green water
13:08:57 spilled paint or small grass clippings in the water, and distance blooms can form scums at the water surface like tonic blooms, are generally associated with lakes and reservoirs.
13:09:09 However, some plantonic blooms can form in large, slow, moving rivers, benthic blooms, which are generally most concerned in the north coast region.
13:09:20 Our sign of bacteria that grow attached to the bottom substrates.
13:09:23 Then subsequently subsequently detach and float to backwater areas or beaches. Benthic Santa bacteria are commonly associated with rivers and streams, but can also occur in lakes
13:09:35 and reservoirs
13:09:43 So when discussing the F have program that addresses this complex issue need to identify the roles of each agency generally.
13:09:51 The North Coast Regional water Quality control board where Rb.
13:09:56 One advises F have response for our local partners. This includes providing, monitoring, support, recommending recreational recreational postings based on monitoring results.
13:10:08 Updating the State boards, database, and web app.
13:10:12 With these results in posting and conducting public outreach and trainings like these, our local partners, such as you all lead the response, and are essentially boots on the ground.
13:10:26 You conduct site visits, collect data and place physical assigns at bloom locations, because our regional funding and monitoring capabilities are set to decrease at the water boards.
13:10:38 Our ultimate goal is to assist you in establishing your own.
13:10:42 F have monitoring programs
13:10:50 This blow chart shows how the various agencies at the state and local level are intended to interact with each other.
13:10:58 I'll turn on my laser pointer here the Regional and State water boards coordinate the F have response.
13:11:06 The office of environmental health, hazard, assessment, or oehab.
13:11:11 The Department of Public Health, and the fish and wildlife are looped in.
13:11:16 If any team and animal illnesses are reported so they can determine if that element illness is in fact, have related local agencies.
13:11:27 Whether it be a local coordinator, a health department water body or wreck managers are really, they really lead and conduct the local response.
13:11:39 The division of drinking water will be looped in.
13:11:42 If there are any drinking water issues, so water purveyors can be notified to take the appropriate action.
13:11:49 This collaboration among agencies and partners fees into our State reporting system shown here, which then transmits information to the public via our web app
13:12:12 So it goes without saying that we are very fortunate to have several partners in the north coast region at the local tribal, state and Federal level.
13:12:20 Without this collaboration the F Ha! the Fab program would not be possible.
13:12:27 So listed. Here are several partner agencies, but there are many more.
13:12:35 Hi Mike it's Kerrian I did have a question in the chat, and it's from Anna.
13:12:41 And it's. Why, is it called harmful algorithms If it's really just different organism of sign cyano bacteria, not algae.
13:12:49 It's very good question so early on if they were previously lumped in with Algae the sign of bacteria.
13:12:59 But you know, over time we have determined that there are, in fact, sign of bacteria that produce toxins.
13:13:06 However, algae themselves can be harmful in other ways, like the pleading oxygen and the water, and causing fish, kills
13:13:16 So hopefully, that helps clear up your question a little bit.
13:13:29 Okay, So where to focus resources? We realize resources are limited, and cyano bacteria may occur in any water body.
13:13:39 So we are prioritizing publicly accessible rivers and lakes.
13:13:44 With high recreational and drinking water uses.
13:13:48 We do not have resources to provide sampling or analytical support for private water bodies.
13:13:53 However, we do have a list of services if they would like to conduct their own sample, their own monitoring.
13:14:01 We aim to protect public health, especially since sensitive groups like children in pets.
13:14:11 And, as you could see in this video benthic cyano bacteria can easily be ingested by children at any public swim beach just due to their water recreating behavior
13:14:29 So here is a flow chart that we have been working on internally, and hope to share with you soon.
13:14:36 I apologize if the Texas I want you to take away from this is the general steps for have monitoring similar to our outline for today's training.
13:14:45 It's starts with a suspected bloom then, we generally proceed to visual monitoring and simple field tests to confirm cyan bacteria are present.
13:14:59 If present, a bloom report should be submitted. So this information can be displayed on our web app sample collection.
13:15:11 Following the appropriate standard operating procedures and laboratory analysis occurs.
13:15:16 So data can be compared to recommended trigger levels, and that the appropriate signs posted.
13:15:24 So again. I know this is small, but we're going to be walking through
13:15:29 Each of these steps in today's training
13:15:35 So moving into that first step in the flow chart visual monitoring, because harmful assignment, bacteria, and harmless green algae are so similar being able to identify a harmful algo blooms or sign up bacterial
13:15:50 blooms is critical to any monitoring program
13:15:59 Prior to heading out into the field, we recommend that our partners review and print out the following resources that are available on the California Habs portal.
13:16:08 There is a welfare information that can be initially overwhelming.
13:16:13 However, each resource is tailored to each component of a Hab's investigation.
13:16:18 I will go over each of these during today's training and you'll note that during the training i'll have the link to the subject matter, I'm talking about so when you get the slides later on hopefully, it'll be easy for you
13:16:32 to navigate,
13:16:38 First your health and safety, or paramount do not put yourself at risk to have exposure or other dangerous field conditions, such as wildfires or aggressive wildlife.
13:16:49 If you can sample safely, be sure to use safety gear to reduce contact andhalation or ingestion
13:17:07 We know there are a lot of different green things in the water, so we have developed visual guides to help our partners distinguish between harmful sino bacteria and harmless algae. or plants.
13:17:16 We have a lengthyos sop shown here on the left as well as a handy. 2 page or fact sheet showing on the right, having needs in the field.
13:17:28 Will hopefully prove very useful to you all
13:17:36 So what are you looking for in terms of playing tonic?
13:17:40 Sign up bacterial blooms. Here are some pictures of planktonic haves in the area.
13:17:46 You can see that they are comprised a small floating organisms that turn the water green, or may look like small grass clippings that can chunk together.
13:17:55 Planktonic cyan bacteria can also form scums on the water surface and wash up on the shoreline and leave a turquoise like pace, which you can kind of see here.
13:18:08 They may also plume or look like spill pate, and almost give the water kind of a marbling effect like you could see here
13:18:22 So here's a full screen photo showing how these small organisms proliferate to turn the water green and make kind of these swirls.
13:18:32 It's almost like to me. it looks like a lot of pollen that is either laying on the water surface or just diffuse throughout the water
13:18:47 The appearance of harmful Santa bacteria Contrast with that plants or harmless green algae.
13:18:52 These can take on several appearances, as seen in the pictures provided, which are also included in the visual guide.
13:19:01 We have our home, our harmless, rooted and submerged plants up here, as well as your small floating plants on the water surface.
13:19:11 And then you have your more stringy and filamentous screen algae down here
13:19:24 So I threw in some slides of what sino bacteria may look like under the microscope, in case any partners wanted to conduct their own identifications this way.
13:19:35 But i'll just say this is a very high level look at common planktonic species, and the various cell structures that are used to differentiate them.
13:19:44 But please refer to more in-depth guides to conduct more formal identifications.
13:19:50 So listed. Here we have 3 common sino bacteria, genera microsistis which looks like a bunch of sales and the museologic sheet.
13:20:02 We also have delica spermum that are easy to identify, because they have cell structures such as heterocytes or aconates.
13:20:12 And then we have a phantomenon which clump together kind of form these stacks, and actually look like small grass clippings in the water.
13:20:26 Other plank time genera include glio tricia, which kinda have this star burst pattern to them.
13:20:33 And then we have cylinders for Mopsis picture here
13:20:44 So shifting gears now to benthic sign of bacteria.
13:20:49 When monitoring for these benthic organisms.
13:20:53 We are primarily looking for 3 genera in the north coast region.
13:20:56 Anabina shown here, and then we'll get into microcolius as well as oscillatoria, Anabina commonly formed these bubble towers.
13:21:06 When photosynthesis creates bubbles in the map matrix, they are commonly found and shallow backwater areas, or along river margins low flow it may be growing in or among filamentous green algae
13:21:20 as well when disturbed. these bubble towers are easily dislodged, and can float downstream and accumulate along beaches and shore lines
13:21:36 And here's what anabina looks like under the microscope.
13:21:39 They are philamentous. no true branching.
13:21:42 They do have different cells, including those heterocytes and hackonets.
13:21:46 They have intended cross walls, so they kind of look like like bubble letters.
13:21:53 And sometimes point the ends
13:22:01 Another benthic sign of bacteria sign, a bacterial genera.
13:22:05 Microcolius includes some species previously or currently identified.
13:22:09 As for medium, these genera can form velvety or fan-like mats on the bottom surfaces.
13:22:19 Individual cells of some species can become highly specialized. and function as a hold faster.
13:22:24 Thallus shown here in this bottom right picture microcolias are commonly found in swift riffled sections, adhered to cobbles and boulders were growing on mats of green algae
13:22:36 as mats thicken and or lengthen, they are more easily detached than initial growth.
13:22:42 Stages. So i'm gonna play this video for you here
13:22:50 As you can see, the second call it's Matt has grown enough that it moves in the stream flow.
13:22:58 This Mac can be easily detached disturbance and float downstream to areas that are frequented by people and pets
13:23:11 Here's microcolius that may appear as a dark brown again. Some may appear more plant or algae, like as seen in this video
13:23:40 And here's microsoft's under the microscope.
13:23:44 Again another filamentous sign of bacteria.
13:23:47 No branching. there is no cell differentiation, so the cell width is pretty equivalent to the cell length.
13:23:55 Sometimes these have a sheet or point it into trichrome, and these guys are often motel when you look at them under the microscope
13:24:08 Here we have oscillatoria, which can be brown or fuzzy like Max on the bent.
13:24:16 Those the top right photo shows how massive oscillatoria can be interspersed with harmless green algae.
13:24:21 So it can be difficult to differentiate between the 2.
13:24:25 And then in this video here
13:24:32 Vesselitoria almost appears to me like a clump of algae.
13:24:36 There are. These are commonly found on sandy or silty sections of the river bottom, where there is shade or slower flow. and also, if you grow on tree routes, as seen in that video oscillatorium mats are
13:24:49 also easily detached through recreational disturbance
13:24:59 And here's oscillatoria under the microscope again filamentous, with no true branching, no cell differentiation, and the cells are often wider than long. so they look like a stack of coins.
13:25:12 As you can See here
13:25:19 So distinguishing between a harmless green algae and harmful, harmful sign of bacteria can be difficult, though with training and the help of visual guides it can become easier.
13:25:32 I know, because I have been there, and I am definitely still learning
13:25:36 But here we have a side by side of harmless and harmful, both, which looks like a floating green mess.
13:25:42 However, certain visual indicators, such as color and match structure, give it away.
13:25:49 The harmless green algae is generally a brighter green, and can turn a yellow brown.
13:25:56 Winstonessing or dying, while the cyano bacteria shown on the right are generally darker, like a forest green harmless green.
13:26:06 Algae is also streamier, like wet here while Sino bacteria usually breaks and display clumps, and we'll discuss this more in our field test section
13:26:24 Here is the site that seems all too common these days.
13:26:28 And what probably generates the most bloom reports in our region.
13:26:30 If you're looking out over this river, your first reaction is undoubtedly going to be This is an album bloom.
13:26:38 In some ways you are correct. However, this is mostly the streamy and harmless green algae.
13:26:46 And not toxin producing signal bacteria.
13:26:50 It is important to note that although you are seeing mostly harmless green algae there may be pockets of Sino bacterial maps within or among this green algae,
13:27:05 Here's another shot of what you may see in the river At first glance again.
13:27:11 It just looks like a green mess. but if you start looking closely, you can see that the harmless green algae is a brighter green either occurring as stringy filaments in the mid channel when it where it is
13:27:25 attached, or as stringy clumps when detached and accumulating along the bank.
13:27:33 However, keep looking closely the cyano bacteria is a darker green.
13:27:37 Forming those bubble towers that we just talked about about, that are attached to the bottom.
13:27:44 They can also detach and look like kind of dark snot among the brighter, green, harmless algae.
13:27:55 So again at first. Look, it just looks green, but if you start looking closely, you can start distinguishing these different critters
13:28:09 Another handy tool for visual monitoring, for larger lakes and reservoirs is our eyes in the sky.
13:28:18 Sensors on several satellites can detect Sino bacteria due to their unique spectral signature of the picnic ignites.
13:28:25 They have within them. once process, satellite imagery can provide a heat map showing maximum sign of bacteria densities to occur at that location during a 10 day window spatial resolution is low so This imagery is limited to
13:28:41 the largest 250 water bodies in the State. In regards to temporal resolution, flyovers occur at least every 2 to 3 days, so almost near time or real time the California haves portal hosts.
13:28:58 The have data viewer where users can view imagery and associated statistics.
13:29:04 Satellite. Imagery, however, should be interpreted with caution as listed here.
13:29:09 There are several interferences and factors that need to be considered.
13:29:13 California does not use satellite imagery to recommend postings.
13:29:17 However, it can be used to determine whether a field visit is necessary
13:29:29 Alright. Once you have visually identified a bloom of concern in the field.
13:29:36 There are several simple field tests that you can conduct to further differentiate whether you are looking at harmless green algae, or potentially Toxic Sino bacteria,
13:29:48 The first test we'll discuss is the stick test the stick test takes advantage of the filamentous or stringy structure of harmless green algae.
13:29:59 After locating a stick of sufficient length, and the field try to lift blue material out of the water. if you pull out strings that look like wet hair.
13:30:11 You're likely dealing with harmless green algae shown here at the bottom left.
13:30:17 But as you'll see in this video plank tonic or floating sign of bacteria, do not stream together and cannot be removed like wet hair.
13:30:30 It's important to note that bidding set of bacterial maps and rivers may remain popped together after they have detached from the bottom, but they are usually not stringy.
13:30:40 You want to stick test is apply again i'll play this video of the plank tonic cyano bacteria.
13:30:49 It just looks like a green soupy mess there, and not coming out as streams
13:31:03 The gloved hand test also takes advantage of the filamentous structure of harmless green Algae green algae tends to roll into a clump when it is rubbed in a circular motion, while cyan bacteria will smear, or
13:31:19 break apart as shown in the pictures in the bottom left. and I will play a short video demonstrating this test.
13:31:30 I'm. now going to perform another qualitative test i'm, going to take some algae and place it in the palm of my hand with my fingers, i'm going to rub in a circular motion on my
13:31:43 palm. If the algae is forming into a ball, it's, that's an indicator that the algae may not be harmful if it's breaking up into pieces.
13:31:56 Then it may be harmful, so i'll perform the test now of the grab.
13:31:59 Some of the and i'll rub my hand my fingertips in a circle and see it's forming into a ball, so that is an indicator that it may not be harmful You'll also write these results on your
13:32:16 field data sheet. Alright, that is our region. 6 F.
13:32:22 Have coordinator sabrina rice you'll be seeing several videos in the presentation today that she is kindly made
13:32:31 While this shows the glad, gloved hand tests and lakes.
13:32:35 This also applies to rivers and rivers were dealing with mats that look like they'll stick together, but they will also fall apart On this test is conducted
13:32:50 The jar test takes advantage of sign up bacteria's ability to regulate buoyancy as noted here on the slide.
13:32:57 This test is more appropriate for planktonic or floating blooms rather than benthic mats.
13:33:05 If a sample is left undisturbed for several minutes, green algae will typically settle towards the bottom.
13:33:10 Well any sign of bacteria will float to the surface. It's important to note that a sample can contain both green algae and sano bacteria and some cyano bacteria may not be
13:33:21 as responsive as others,
13:33:27 So again, that was just 3 simple tests that you can conduct in the field to help you determine if you're looking at algae or sign-up bacteria.
13:33:39 So once you have visually identified a bloom and have conducted your field test to confirm that it is potentially toxic sign of bacteria.
13:33:48 The next step is to report the bloom
13:33:57 I'm sure most of you are familiar but bloom reports can be submitted through our haves portal when filling out the form.
13:34:05 Please be sure to include pertinent information, so we can easily identify bloom, location, and determine which partners need to be notified.
13:34:14 State Board is currently working on streamlining the report form and We'll include an option to attach photos in the future.
13:34:21 However, photos can always be emailed separately I can't stress enough that photos are extremely helpful for us at the water boards, because it allows us to conduct a preliminary evaluation of whether we are dealing
13:34:35 with toxic sign of bacteria, or just harmless green algae
13:34:49 I. Once a report is submitted. Waterboard Staff Review. the report contact, the complaintance and local partners for more information then approved to post the report to the Incidence Report map.
13:35:03 The point on the map will follow a color scheme based on posting recommendations as seen on the right.
13:35:07 Here. Waterboards will update the map as new information and data come in, and we always encourage the public and partners to check the web app for the latest information.
13:35:25 So I guess where you are jumping on the into the social media sphere as well.
13:35:32 So we are in the works of connecting the water reporter app to our have database as it says on the slide here.
13:35:42 Water reporter is a social network for citizen scientists to share water quality data.
13:35:49 Any photos and observations will be Geo. Reference, Then this information can be submitted to our have database database for review prior to posting to the web app State boards is still working closely with water
13:36:03 reporter to develop a user interface and workflow that is compatible with our own reporting system.
13:36:09 So stay tuned for updates
13:36:19 The State also tracks any reported illnesses that may be have related.
13:36:25 The Center for Disease Control and Prevention or Cdc. launch.
13:36:27 The one health harmful elbow bloom system, or oops in 2,016, as a central repository for have related illnesses across the country.
13:36:39 The goal is to build a robust database that will further our understanding of have illnesses when we receive a report of a half related illness. The illness working group showing here on the right comprised of our surface water
13:36:55 ambient monitoring program, personnel or swamp. ohe, ha!
13:37:01 Public health and fish and wildlife we'll evaluate the report, and submit any determinations to oh halves, Illnesses will also be reflected on our web app and partners will be notified
13:37:21 All right, so one more section and then we'll take a brief break.
13:37:26 So now we have visually identified a bloom in the field.
13:37:30 We have conducted field tests to confirm cyanobacteria or present, and we have either submitted a report or are responding to a report in order to determine whether the bloom is producing sign of a toxins or is
13:37:44 truly toxic. We need to collect samples for analysis
13:37:54 Here are the materials needed for sample collection in the next couple of slides.
13:37:59 I'll be hitting the hypothesis so please refer to these slides later for more details.
13:38:05 You can also always refer to the sop linked here.
13:38:10 For the list, Remember, health and safety is a priority.
13:38:13 So be sure to have gloves and boots or waiters.
13:38:16 You always want to keep samples cool and in the dark after collection, so have a cooler with ice packs ready.
13:38:25 Bottle type is important to prevent toxin loss. so please use either amber glass or plastic petg bottles, and then you need your paperwork, including bottle labels, field data, sheet and a chain of custody
13:38:41 or C. Oc. to provide to the lab
13:38:49 Wherever the bloom is occurring, be sure to confirm sampling, site, location and conditions.
13:38:57 Generally speaking, we are targeting areas where the bloom conditions are the worst in the recreational use is the highest.
13:39:05 Again review the sample collection. so P. for supplies, be sure to coordinate with the laboratory, to determine shipping arrangements and fill out the appropriate chain of custody.
13:39:17 Forms, and then label sample bottles, using using an acceptable convention like the example shown here.
13:39:23 So that would just be the water body name and location.
13:39:29 Your date and time, what kind of sample it was, and whether preservatives were used, which is usually not
13:39:43 The type of sample you will collect depends on the type of bloom that is present.
13:39:47 As illustrated in this graphic planktonic blooms may be along the shoreline at the water surface, lower in the vertical profile, or diffuse throughout the water column.
13:40:00 Thenthic blooms grow attached to the bottom as mats.
13:40:03 But these mats can appear at the water surface once they have detached.
13:40:08 I'll go over each of these sample collection types in the following slides: Note That surface scum samples are always recommended: if scums are present, since this is where the bloom material is most dense and therefore, poses the
13:40:22 highest health, risk,
13:40:31 As spelled out here on the slide surface water grab samples, capture blooms on the water surface, and in the water column surface water grabs.
13:40:41 They're collected separately from surface scum samples since they also target material below the surface.
13:40:47 These samples can be collected by hand or by using a pole sampler.
13:40:53 If sampling is occurring from a structure such as a boat or a dock.
13:40:58 And here is Sabrina again demonstrating a surface water grab, sample,
13:41:06 Surface water grab first you're gonna make sure you put gloves on, and boot, and we're going to use a 250 milliliter.
13:41:16 Amber bottle. when you perform this when you take the sample you're going to go in 2 to 4 inches into the water and go in a U-shaped motion.
13:41:25 So i'm going to take the cap off go in 2 to 4 inches and lift, and then cap, and you'll please, and put it in here already, and here we have the surface scump sample again.
13:41:47 This type of sample is highly recommended. since it represents the highest potential health risk, and this sample is also collected separately from the surface water grab.
13:41:59 Nope, that if surface the surface gum is extremely dense.
13:42:04 Mixing may be required. so we'll go ahead and Play this video if you will need to perform mixing again. put on new gloves and boots here, you'll mix the surface with your bottle 3 times and then you'll
13:42:23 take your sample, so you know, dip your bottle in and dump it out 3 times in the same area, and then you'll hold your bottle parallel surface.
13:42:41 Lift up, tap your bottle, and put it in the cooler with ice.
13:42:47 Alright. So if the surface gum is not extremely dense, like, which is actually shown in that video, you will forego the mixing and just skim the water surface in that kind of parallel motion
13:43:07 Algorithmic samples target benfick cyano bacteria.
13:43:12 As we'll discuss in later, slides, the toxin load for benthic sign of bacteria is within the mat material itself rather than the surrounding water, so we really want to target mats in an area of
13:43:24 concern. we recommend a composite sample by sub sampling several maps of concern.
13:43:31 This provides an idea of average toxicity, but keep in mind that it may dilute mats that have extremely high toxin loans.
13:43:42 Sorry we do not have a video for this one but we'll hopefully be developing one later in the season.
13:43:48 Once we start seeing mats in the river
13:43:53 Question. Hi, Mike. It's Karen I did have a question from Priscilla Winters, and she was asking where we can request applies for sample collection.
13:44:03 If they suspect a bloom, and you might want to answer that after this.
13:44:06 But yeah, we'll we'll go over that later and some later slides.
13:44:11 So. thanks. Yep,
13:44:20 Depth. Integrated samples are rare and generally geared towards Platonic blooms.
13:44:26 However, I just threw this slide in here anyways, as listed here.
13:44:29 These types of samples require special equipment and character characterize the blooms at varying deaths
13:44:45 So solid phase, absorption, toxin tracking, or spat samplers.
13:44:53 You will be hearing a lot about these in this presentation and in the future.
13:44:58 These type of samplers capture Sino Toxins over time as water flows over a mesh bag filled with resin.
13:45:07 Spats are very handy in that they can capture pulses that are otherwise missed by discrete water grab samples, but they are only capable of capturing toxins that are released from cells and the
13:45:20 surrounding water column. In other words, they have to be dissolved.
13:45:25 They can also be used in all water bodies and are very cheap and easy to use It's important to note that they are not applicable to recommended trigger levels because they do not measure toxin concentrations
13:45:39 per unit volume. Because they are sensitive and time integrative.
13:45:45 The north coast region is recommending spats for bench, sina bacteria, and sinotox, and monitoring.
13:45:51 But we will touch more on this here and later slides
13:46:03 Moving into the paperwork that a company's field sampling field data sheets are important for documenting information on how sampling was conducted and what field conditions are present.
13:46:18 We are always very busy and juggling a lot of projects at once.
13:46:21 So it's always good to document where you were what you were doing, and what you saw
13:46:34 Chain of custody or coc is probably an even more important document.
13:46:39 Cocs are the communication link between the sampler and the laboratory, and includes information on how the sample was collected.
13:46:47 The type of analysis needed and keeps track of sample collection times.
13:46:51 It is always a good idea to have a copy of the Coc.
13:46:56 Whether saved electronically or photocopied, or just taking a picture of the completed document.
13:47:03 We have C. Oc. templates available for use, especially if you are using our contracts.
13:47:09 Laboratory then genetics,
13:47:18 Alright sample, handling and shipping as mentioned previously.
13:47:22 You always want to keep samples cool and in the dark.
13:47:24 We recommend using ice packs to avoid water leaks and use either amber W.
13:47:32 Bottles or rap clear bottles and timfoil to keep samples out of light.
13:47:37 When sampling make sure glass bottles are secured.
13:47:41 Ice packs are plenty and cold, and the Coc.
13:47:44 Is in a Ziploc to avoid damage, and also make sure the cooler is tape shut, so it will not spill its contents during shipping.
13:47:53 You are almost always going to ship overnight, so samples remain cold, and within their holding times.
13:48:02 Do not ship coolers to arrive on weekends or holidays, and if you want your cooler returned, be sure to include a return shipping label
13:48:16 And when shipping be sure to notify the lab, so they are aware of incoming samples.
13:48:23 As a courtesy we generally include a copy or picture of the Coc and an email please Cc.
13:48:30 Myself as well as our State Board sign, will have email and include any shipment tracking information you may have.
13:48:38 And showing on their bottom right here. it's just an example email and the language can be very simple
13:48:53 Finally, once samples reached the lab, there are several analyses for characterizing the sample microscopy identifies which type assignment, bacteria are present and can provide cell density measure by
13:49:06 enumerating cells. Qpcr. determines whether a sign of bacteria contain the genes needed for toxin production.
13:49:19 And then we have Eliza, which is most commonly used to determine what simultaneously are present, and in what concentrations liza results can be compared to recommended thresholds, which we will discuss
13:49:32 after our break. laboratory analysis generally follows a tiered approach that may incorporate all 3 of these analyses.
13:49:41 However, there are exceptions. For example, there may be instances when cyanotoxins are present and clear water and a bloom is not as obvious. water boards is always happy to help you.
13:49:57 Choose the requested analysis on your Coc based on your unique situation.
13:50:02 So please do not hesitate to reach out to us
13:50:09 So with that, I think we're gonna take a quick 10 min break so grab some more coffee, or do whatever it is you need and we will plan to resume back here at 2 o'clock.
13:50:28 And if you have any urgent questions, I can take time to answer him.
13:50:32 During the break. Otherwise we'll get started at 2
14:00:10 Alrighty folks. I think we will resume the training.
14:00:11 Hopefully Got your coffee and stretched. we only have about 20 more slides here and then we'll get into our question and answer period.
14:00:26 All right. So, jumping right back in you have collected samples for laboratory analysis, and you have received your sample results. the next step is to compare these results to recommended trigger levels to determine potential health risks and to
14:00:45 select the appropriate signs to post at the water body
14:00:56 Oops. Sorry about that.
14:01:03 Alright. So before we jump into our recommended trigger levels, let's review planktonic and benthic blooms, so we can put health risks into context.
14:01:13 I'm not going to go through each line here? but the important takeaway.
14:01:18 Is that planktonic blooms produce toxins that are dispersed in the water, and therefore there are trigger levels that correspond with the incidental consumption of water.
14:01:29 Hence units of toxin concentration per unit volume. for benthic blooms.
14:01:40 The signotoxin load is within the map material, which becomes a health risk when they detach and accumulate, and other words, the health risk is the incidental consumption of map material itself.
14:01:55 Currently, there are no trigger levels applicable to map material.
14:01:58 As you can see here, Sinotoxin concentrations, and that material is expressed as a solid or a microgram for gram concentration.
14:02:08 I will discuss our voluntary guidance for both planktonic and benthicabs, and the next slides
14:02:19 So here is our 3 tiered system of trigger levels that were developed by the California sign. A bacterial, harmful elbow bloom network or Cc.
14:02:30 Have, which includes the state and regional water boards as well as Ouya.
14:02:38 These guidelines were developed in 2,016 for planktonic blooms.
14:02:43 So these trigger levels do not include basic maths.
14:02:47 It is difficult to see on the right, but this flowchart illustrates the process, for how to use these trigger levels and post signs, either at a caution, warning, or danger level.
14:03:00 This guidance is voluntary, and is designed for posting signs at water bodies to protect the public and animals from planktonic blooms.
14:03:09 During recreation, as you can see in the table, we have 3 cyanotoxins with associated trigger levels.
14:03:17 These include microsystems, anatoxin, a and cylinders for mobs in, and those 3 really function as our primary indicators.
14:03:29 But we also have a cell density or visual indicator.
14:03:34 As our secondary indicators
14:03:42 Here are the various signs that were developed for planktonic blooms based on the 3 trigger levels.
14:03:48 You'll note that the caution signs allow for some water recreation for people and children recommend staying away from visible blooms, while also keeping dogs away, not drinking the water and not consuming shellfish water
14:04:04 recreation becomes more restricted as you move to warning and danger.
14:04:10 Fishing and fish consumption should be safe under a caution or warning.
14:04:14 However, it is recommended to rinse with clean water.
14:04:18 Only consume the fillets and toss away any guts or fatty tissues.
14:04:22 Remember the primary exposure for planktonic blooms is the incidental ingestion of water, and dogs and children are most at risk
14:04:38 Also available our general awareness signs for planktonic blooms that were developed by the Us.
14:04:44 Epa these can be posted any time of the year to educate the public about planktonic habs.
14:04:52 It's important to note that these should not replace advisory signs that correspond to the recommended trigger levels
14:05:05 Okay, moving on to Benthic Sano bacteria Benthic Santa bacterial Max begin attached to the bottom of a water body as shown in this picture.
14:05:16 Here, then, detach, either through disturbance or net natural senescence or natural death.
14:05:25 Once detached, Max will float on the water surface to downstream areas.
14:05:31 A particular concern is when mats accumulate and become stranded.
14:05:35 Especially at areas that are frequented by people and animals shown in that last picture.
14:05:42 Remember the primary exposure route for Venezuela.
14:05:46 Bacteria is the incidental ingestion of map material.
14:05:51 Again. Children and pets are most at risk due to their recreating behavior.
14:06:00 So. here are 2 videos. that I just described in this first video here, and i'll play it again.
14:06:12 But Rich is disturbing the bottom substrate of the stream, and then think, Matt.
14:06:19 Material begins to float to the surface. and you can see at the tail end of that video that bent the mats are already accumulating on the water surface.
14:06:28 So i'll play that again. rich is just moving his feet and mats are detaching and floating up to the surface and then accumulating.
14:06:45 In this next video, authentic mats are jumping off this ripple here and accumulating in a low flow area.
14:06:51 This is obviously a concern. If the area is used by people or pets for water recreation
14:07:04 Here are the signs we have available for Benthic Santa bacteria, similar to plantonic blooms.
14:07:11 We have a general awareness or check for algae sign that is designed to educate the public on what to look for and how to recreate safely. The toxic algae alert signs are recommended once mats of
14:07:25 toxin-producing cyanobacteria are identified either through visual observation, microscopy, or cyanotoxin analysis.
14:07:34 Again we have voluntary guidance, as illustrated by the flow chart on the right that walks you through this process, and as with other slides linked to the information, is included below
14:07:55 Alrighty. so we have locked through the steps for have monitoring.
14:08:00 Next we will go over the North Coast regions, benthic monitoring recommendations.
14:08:06 There are already a web of resources available for planktonic blooms.
14:08:11 And these have well established recommendations and protocols.
14:08:17 Our recommendations today will focus on mythic cycle bacteria.
14:08:21 Since these are more unique and a more pressing issue in our region,
14:08:33 So, in response to several dog deaths the North coast region conducted an extensive study from 2,016 to 2,019, and the eel south Fork Eel and Russian rivers, as shown in the map on the
14:08:49 right. This study documented mythic sign of bacteria and cyanotoxins of concern, evaluated different sampling and analytical techniques, and ultimately provided monitoring recommendations for successful benthic
14:09:03 Hab monitoring programs. We announced the availability of the report through our library lists, sir, but you can also find a copy of the report using this link on the slide.
14:09:17 Rich, will also be presenting our findings during the July, Cc.
14:09:21 Have meeting, and i'll be sure to send you all an email reminder in case you wanted to jump on and participate
14:09:35 So the basic monitoring recommendations that came out of that report follow a tiered approach step.
14:09:44 One use spats, the time. integrative samples or samplers that I described earlier as sentinel samplers to determine when sinootopsins are increasing and moving through the river system, step 2 once spats indicate that sign of
14:10:03 toxins are increasing implement visual monitoring to document location, extent, and condition of toxic mats.
14:10:12 Then step 3. If mats are abundant, detaching and accumulating conduct periodic Matt sampling to confirm toxicity, so the report identifies 3 Matt forming genera that pose the greatest health
14:10:31 risk, and these include Anabina, microcolius and Oscillatoria, which I remember by the acronym ammo, and these are the Benthic Sino bacteria that we went over earlier we are really
14:10:48 encouraging our partners to keep an eye out for these 3 genera as well as implement.
14:10:54 The 3 tiered approach. Further Hab Benefit Cab Monitoring programs
14:11:04 So I included this case study or example of partner monitoring on the Russian river to highlight.
14:11:12 How partners can work together and use the various monitoring techniques to determine.
14:11:18 When Benthic Sino bacteria pose a heightened health risk for the Russian River.
14:11:23 We are fortunate to have 3 agencies keeping an eye on the river from various perspectives.
14:11:29 These include Sonoma Water, Sonoma, County Environmental Health, and the Regional Water Board.
14:11:36 Since 2,016 these agencies have worked together to visually monitor for binding mats, collects water and Matt samples as well as deploy spats, samplers.
14:11:48 The map on the right shows monitoring techniques that were employed at the various sites along the rivers length
14:12:01 So in August, 2021 Sonoma County environmental health posted a toxic outer at the 10 recreational beaches along the Russian River, which is kind of hard to see on the map to your
14:12:14 right there. Although the tiered monitoring approach was not fully implemented at this time, postings were recommended, based on the 3 monitoring techniques usually identifying toxic maps confirming that toxicity and detecting
14:12:32 Sinotoxins moving through the system via spats.
14:12:36 We were planning to verify our monitoring recommendations this season with a separate project.
14:12:43 So stay tuned
14:12:51 Alright. So next i'll provide a quick review of the program resources.
14:12:57 We have available, most of which have already been mentioned.
14:13:06 Some good news that will hopefully make your lives easier. The F.
14:13:11 Have coordinators at the regional boards have developed a hab wiki page that serves as a one-stop shop for our partners who participate in have monitoring the wiki includes This
14:13:24 sampling instruction videos that Sabrina has made paperwork like field data sheets, cocs and checklists guides such as the visual visual indicator fact sheet.
14:13:38 And walk through present presentations for benthic and plantonic sampling.
14:13:42 The page is currently under construction. But, I was cleared to share the link with you all today which is showing here.
14:13:50 Just please be aware that the page is in draft form.
14:13:55 And there will be some tweaks made here in the future.
14:14:05 And for the general public, and the more or broader audience we still have our accounts portal.
14:14:11 There is a welfare information on the portal that can be a tab bit overwhelming.
14:14:15 But i've highlighted a few topics of interest here
14:14:27 The water boards can provide sampling kits and signs for postings.
14:14:33 So getting to that question earlier, however, these resources are limited, and are usually reserved for emergency or incident response.
14:14:42 We do not have supplies to fill all requests, so we do encourage our partners to purchase their own sampling bottles or print signs when they are stable.
14:14:51 However, please feel free to contact myself or rich or or signohab that State Board and we'll see how we can accommodate any of your requests
14:15:11 And lastly, public outreach and education is a huge part of what we do in the past.
14:15:17 Waterboards and partners have coordinated or sent out. their own press releases. As i'm sure you all are aware, this can be a time consuming process doing required approvals, and this is not ideal for have situations.
14:15:31 That typically require a fast response. we are now offering media releases as an alternative. We have pre-approved templates, and these can be quickly released on social media within an hour.
14:15:48 Or so, the hope being that media outlets will pick it up and distribute them more widely.
14:15:53 State Board will also be launching a blog soon where these media releases and other information can be posted.
14:16:00 So stay tuned
14:16:08 So that concludes our material for today's training i'll go ahead and share our contact information here.
14:16:17 Please do not hesitate and contact myself or any of the above.
14:16:22 We are here to assist you. as you developed your F.
14:16:25 Have monitoring and response programs, and I was noted on the slide the bottom right?
14:16:30 We are hoping to hold an in-person training later this year.
14:16:34 If everything goes smoothly. so stay tuned for more information on that Again, that in person training will focus on bit the sign of bacteria and rivers
14:16:49 And now we have a lot of time left to move into our questions and answer period.
14:16:57 And I just wanna say thank you all for your time and attention.
14:17:02 If you are able, please use the raise hand feature so we can get to everyone's questions in an orderly fashion.
14:17:11 Once you unmute yourself, please state your name and affiliation before asking your question.
14:17:16 Also, if you haven't already done, so please enter your name and affiliation in the chat box, so we know which partners participated in today's training and with that thanks again and I look forward to our discussion
14:17:44 Alrighty. So i'm gonna go ahead karen Can you still see the slide here, but not in presentation.
14:17:56 Yeah, I would do awesome. so I'll just open up the floor for anybody who has any questions.
14:18:08 If I need to go over anything. Yep, these have, added Mike.
14:18:16 I have a question. This carrier sorry to raise my hand on the standpoint supplies.
14:18:24 I know it's. limited, to emergency response mostly but it can partners, I mean, if if we're able to supply bottles from the lab.
14:18:37 Are Are we just using that emergency funding for analysis?
14:18:41 Or can you clarify that a little bit more like?
14:18:44 Can they go to the lab and get the bottles themselves and have a process?
14:18:47 Is that what you're recommending Yeah, so we We do have a stockpile of coolers and bottles?
14:18:53 That we we can distribute but we are asking partners if they are able to, you know, purchase their own.
14:19:02 So in case we do have more emergencies or incidents we need to respond to but we're happy to provide what we can.
14:19:11 And yeah, if if partners are able to pay for that analysis, that works well.
14:19:18 But hopefully, we're giving you tools you know to be able to use your visual assessments and other methods to determine whether sign of bacteria are present
14:19:34 Does that and answer your question, Karyan? It does. thanks.
14:19:42 Yep
14:19:47 Sure. it looks like. Sandra raised her hand
14:19:54 Karyan, you might be able to see better who has raised their hand, that I can
14:20:03 Yeah so i'll we'll take c standard first let's see if I can.
14:20:07 I asked her to unmute we'll see what we can do great, great thanks, Sander.
14:20:18 You able to unmute your your microphone? or do you want to put the question in the chat
14:20:34 She's responding in the chat okay
14:20:46 What is? okay. So she's asking what is the process and establishing whether there is an incident to respond to
14:21:00 So generally we respond to incidents. Once a bloom report is submitted.
14:21:06 So that will be either a report submitted by the public or a partner agency.
14:21:12 And at that time you know we'll get in touch with the complaintance
14:21:17 And ask them for more information on what they're seeing in the water, and, like I mentioned in the training we we generally request pictures, so we can conduct a preliminary evaluation to see if we are in fact dealing
14:21:32 with cyanobacteria, or just harmless green algae
14:21:44 Next. I have Ethan, Ethan, do you want to unmute, or would you like to send your question in?
14:21:47 Yeah. does this work? Hi! This is Ethan, hey?
14:21:54 From the friends of the Walalo River. I had a question.
14:21:57 I was wondering if you're gonna be doing that holiday weekend sampling program again this year.
14:22:04 Yeah, that that is ongoing We We send out a survey about a month or so ago for people to participate.
14:22:14 We have a selected people are ready to participate in the pre- holiday assessments and this year we're we're really focusing on lakes and reservoirs as part of that
14:22:29 assessment process. So yeah, I Don't think I saw your name in the surveys this year, Ethan.
14:22:37 Well, we're we're river sampling so maybe maybe didn't add us, but that's cool.
14:22:44 Yeah, if you have extra kits that come up we're always Happy to join absolutely. we'll we'll let you know.
14:22:50 Thank you.
14:22:56 And now, excuse me, Laurel has a question. Laurel, do you want to unmute?
14:23:01 Yeah, can you hear me? hey? Laurel: Yeah.
14:23:06 So last year we asked the water board about access to spats, knowing that it was kind of coming up as a recommended survey.
14:23:15 Survey thing to implement. and we were told that they were hard to get, and that we probably wouldn't be able to get our hands on any.
14:23:22 So i'm curious with that recommendation of in implementing them widely.
14:23:26 If they're also widely, available, or if there's instructions and real needed to make them so that they can actually be implemented at this point right Yeah, that that's a great question.
14:23:39 So we we do get our spats from Ben genetics.
14:23:43 Our contract lab, and they have no defined us in the past as well as I think this year.
14:23:49 That supplies are limited but they're the resin and instructions to build the samplers themselves.
14:23:59 They they do have commercially available resin. You can build these using mesh and like things like a knitting clamp, or whatever.
14:24:10 So there are ways around it, but that that's a very good question.
14:24:16 I can dig into that some more and send you, or just send the group some recommendations on how to do that.
14:24:22 So, Mike, this is rich. Can you hear me? Yeah, I can hear you rich.
14:24:27 Yeah, spats are very limited, they're very labor intensive product.
14:24:32 Benjax, who used to do ours, is very few this year.
14:24:36 Another place where we used to get him as Uc. Santa Cruz Reef, Cadellas Loud and Uc Santa Cruz
14:24:42 He was sort of the the the Creator, I guess.
14:24:47 So the spat did a lot of with it and everything else in our first few years, or all using spats that he produced.
14:25:07 Wells are purchasing as
14:25:07 Wells are purchasing as as Mike had said. but there are
14:25:14 There are chemicals you need to use to make sure that the
14:25:20 The resins are clean. you evaporate off.
14:25:23 I forget what it is that that the users it's not really It's not alcohol, but it's something else.
14:25:27 So you need evaporative chambers I think you need to fan hoods and things like that.
14:25:34 So it's not just throwing a much resins in a tea bag and putting it on the river.
14:25:36 So there is. There is a process you need to go through.
14:25:40 Do that Benjaminics provided me with the the method to do it, and i'm well welcome and happy to share that with everybody.
14:25:48 However, again the buying, the chemicals and everything else, and trying to do that in our office was
14:25:53 It was prohibited just just buying the stuff. It just a difficult thing to do for us. but maybe outside of that other folks can do so great.
14:26:03 Yeah, thank you for that clarification Rich:
14:26:19 Like I do see something in the chat again from Cassandra.
14:26:22 If we see it, as if we see a suspected bloom, submit images, and if water board confirms, it is likely to bloom, then could we request a sampling to fly be provided?
14:26:34 If so, who pays for the samples to be shipped and analyzed? Yeah.
14:26:39 So we will handle that on a case by case basis. Yeah.
14:26:44 Please send in a picture. If it does appear to be a bloom, we will determine if we do have the supplies to send you.
14:26:51 There is a process to use our our shipping account, and
14:26:57 It will again determine on a case by case basis. If we can pay for that laboratory analysis.
14:27:04 We We are encouraging folks to start thinking about corporating this, this these kind of costs into their programs.
14:27:12 But we we can figure that out as we go. Yeah, as Mike was saying, we have a a limited amount of funds for both the pre holiday assessments as well as responding to
14:27:25 Yeah, illness, illnesses and things like that. And so
14:27:34 Rich you've you've gone awful I can't hear you yeah, you sound muffled right now.
14:27:41 Rich. I think that's just me
14:27:49 I'm: i'm gonna Stop, Hmm Okay, yeah I think you might have been holding the covering the speaker or something, but hopefully that , help answer your question.
14:28:01 Cassandra, and then we have. Evan has a question as raise his hand. Evan, do you want to unmute?
14:28:07 How did they? thank couple of this on i'm just curious.
14:28:13 If you could discuss maybe just enlist, and and indeed, not so much in detail or academically, but just the the calls of causality of these blooms.
14:28:22 And and just their proliferation. Sure, can you hear me on this one?
14:28:28 Yep go for rich I'm i'm clear yeah well, Santa Barbara itself is natural.
14:28:35 It's everywhere. we're finding it in I mean it's. it's a natural part of the environment.
14:28:42 . it's first of nitrogen correct excuse me now, is it? i'm understand that it's fed by nitrogen and phosphorus actually some of these are nitrogen
14:28:53 fixers, and others actually, are able to what they call mind phosphorus out of the sediments.
14:29:00 It's not really phosphorus and nitrogen inputs.
14:29:02 Their fixers, and everything else. So these things have been around forever.
14:29:08 I mean as they as they say the our earth's oxygen is is there because satellite to reproduce it?
14:29:15 So you know the the climate change we're experiencing lower water lower water, years away.
14:29:23 We're having those type of things are making things worse maybe the widening of our channels or the river channels, and such you know, causing that, you know, adding to that as well, But you know trying to
14:29:35 correlate it strictly with nitrogen to phosphorus inputs really doesn't work very well for that.
14:29:41 We're not finding that correlation at all yeah I I would say, I would add to that that it's it's just very water body specific and it depends on the genera of Sino bacteria so
14:29:52 It's really hard to say to point to an exact cause Yeah, we actually, did last year.
14:29:59 Did a a collection at what we call a reference condition sites throughout the State, and I think 75% of these reference condition sites, which are, you know, higher up in the watersheds above agriculture
14:30:09 above forestry, those type of things all, all had the sound of bacteria in them as well.
14:30:14 So again it's it's really everywhere throughout the state throughout the country and throughout the world.
14:30:20 Even it's just everywhere, which is unfortunate you know we just have to learn how to respond to the conditions as they as they occur.
14:30:30 Yep, and and always practice healthy water habits when recreating in the water.
14:30:39 There was a comment made in in the chat.
14:30:42 It says, I don't know either one of you want to respond to this, but it's as many tacks I do blue in response to nutrient enrichment or altered nutrient ratios especially
14:30:50 for platonic blooms while in platonic blooms that's correct.
14:30:56 I mean that's that's a pretty strong correlation between the 2. There!
14:31:00 But again, you know what you have. There is a play. Tonic bloom can actually occur within a few days to a few weeks, and sometimes can hang on forever.
14:31:08 It Bethic bloom, or beth the side of Bacteria generally take months to grow into such a size that they become a blue, so it's not as if there was a large input of nitrogen fosters because remember the stream is
14:31:23 continuing, flowing, and everything else but lake is basically a bathtub of water.
14:31:26 So you put nutrients in it. and you're gonna get plankton that are actually going plan tonic, which you're actually trying to proliferate.
14:31:35 And then we had a response question, and I suppose, and said warm warm water question marked as temperature. I'm.
14:31:42 Assuming this temperature have something to do with it we're not exactly sure on that, either.
14:31:49 And you know they expectation is that that might be the case because of the climate change and everything else.
14:31:53 But we're finding you know Fan of Bacteria, can be found in in the in December.
14:31:59 You know, in in, you know puddles it can be found all over the place.
14:32:03 We've we find it in the springtime and throughout the year again.
14:32:07 It does seem to actually the the largest growth after it grows for a long time, you know, beginning and roughly around April of May, after the flusting flows are done, Alright starts to grow and in mass and continues well into like
14:32:22 October, November, and sometimes it puts on the most amount of growth in that that sort of October timeframe.
14:32:28 October, November before the next, you know, before Good flush, and it takes it away.
14:32:35 Yeah, So a lot of factors going on I think temperature may be more related to some planktonic blooms, but it really depends on the bottom body and the genera.
14:32:48 You're dealing with. Yeah, there are a few lakes and in the Bay area, and then down south that's bloom a year round.
14:32:55 Yeah. and keep in mind, you know. Sign up. Bacteria can be found everywhere.
14:33:01 And really cold environments, and also tropical. So
14:33:15 Karyan. Do we have anybody else with a raise? Yes, I just.
14:33:21 We just had to raise hand from laurel laurel.
14:33:24 Please unmute, Go ahead. Yeah. I was just gonna add to the conversation briefly about water temperatures.
14:33:30 Because cyano bacteria definitely can and do show up in a huge range of conditions depending on the taxa.
14:33:38 But I think that Mike and Rich would agree.
14:33:40 Generally we do find the largest blooms that they have proliferations, at least on the north coast.
14:33:47 In these hot months of the year. I know that on the Klammith, and then also on the Eel Russian, where they were working.
14:33:52 It seemed like we were finding authentic blooms to proliferate most extensively.
14:33:58 In August and September. and it seems that the plantonic blooms also are most widespread in these warm summer months. So, even though there's a lot of exceptions and like broad scale patterns
14:34:09 are are challenging. there are. There are definitely correlations with high temperatures and extensive blooms that might just be a good general rule of thumb or idea to carry in terms of focusing resources and energy.
14:34:25 Yeah. generally speaking, this true, you know, here on the Russian River last year we only had to think about 12 inches of rain.
14:34:31 We expected with the hot temperatures and conditions we're experiencing here the the the low extremely low flows of the Russian River.
14:34:39 We've really expected this to be really bad blue here last year, and it didn't turn out to be that it was no different than any other year.
14:34:48 And as you're saying, you know you have to remember that satellite to start growing in april of May, so as they continue to accumulate biomass through July, and August so it's not like
14:35:01 they just grew that, and in the period of a week or 2.
14:35:04 But you know it was that you know a period of time that they increase their biomass, and what we were saying interesting enough in our report is that as this biomass increases, we're starting, we see some of that sound toxicity,
14:35:16 increase. But then, after we start getting to the cool period, the set of toxicities tends to take off.
14:35:22 You know the mass biomass? Yeah. So I I would encourage you all to check out that before.
14:35:31 I it's it's benthic sino bacteria. but a lot of interesting findings in there that we're using to develop our Our program like, Did you put a link of that in in your presentation that
14:35:44 you're gonna send out is there a link was following up with were we speaking about blooms or and not just presence at Diano?
14:36:01 I'm I'm sorry I didn't hear you very well, yeah, I've been just was trying to clarify we're speaking about Blooms correct question mark not just the presence of Cyano question mark Yeah, I I I believe
14:36:16 that is correct. Yes, we we were discussing blooms sino bacteria are generally present at all times.
14:36:25 Just at very low densities, but when conditions are right they will bloom.
14:36:28 And temperature may be one of those contributing factors.
14:36:31 Yes,
14:36:39 And Evan has raised his hand. Evans, you want to unmute.
14:36:43 Yeah, Sorry i'm just burdened out here? It is So is this.
14:36:50 Are we seeing this happened more often? it's more frequently in higher concentrations?
14:36:55 Or is this just because that we've been recording it more so I mean, for instance, my landlady told me that she had never seen in such high concentrations in the and she's in the your whole life.
14:37:07 And then So is it just is there any kind of correlation? or is it just like in a leisure correlation?
14:37:17 It's it's very good question I think maybe a little bit of both going on, or at least there's 2 parties that say it's it's one thing or another occurring I I
14:37:26 don't know if we have a definite answer on that.
14:37:31 But there is some evidence that suggests they are increasing in frequency.
14:37:34 But again, we are also looking for them. more so we're We're coming across them more rich.
14:37:42 I don't know if you wanna yeah I was gonna say what I I think we see more definitely more in the late that they tend to go green and finding you know having more dogs and lakes blooming blooming all
14:37:59 year round. So there's there are there definitely seems to be more that going on.
14:38:05 But again, as far as the back olympics are concerned, nobody's really done much research on that 6, but I mean we started it.
14:38:13 I think it was 5 years ago. we're the only office agency, whatever that was actually doing in authentic work in the State.
14:38:20 You know. since then others have have been doing some work as well, and it's been found more places nothing else.
14:38:26 But again that's it's probably just because we have our eyes opening. We're looking now, and people are becoming aware that it's there, and it's an issue as before nobody nobody can find about it.
14:38:36 It was just green, algae and everybody's mind
14:38:52 Alright any other questions or clarifications
14:39:03 I don't city hands raised and nothing in the chat oh, right
14:39:16 Well, I guess you all you have our contact information listed here.
14:39:24 If you need to get in touch with any of us we're we're always happy to answer your questions.
14:39:28 That's what we're here for and yeah If you if there's no other questions now. I guess we will start to wrap things up. Is nothing else coming in over the kat careyan Sorry , yeah, I I
14:39:53 still see nothing coming through. So I'd like to take the moment, just to thank you, Mike, for great presentation.
14:40:00 That was awesome. Yeah, absolutely thank you rich i'm glad you're able to jump on.
14:40:08 Yeah, and we we will share it. These slides and the recording of the presentation.
14:40:12 I think we'll post them to our web page because it is bye yeah, , thank you all for your time and attention, and we look forward to working with you this have season in the years to come so with that I
14:40:30 guess we'll stop sharing here. thank you all bye thank you Thanks, Gary Ann.