Final California 2012 Integrated Report( 303(d) List/305(b) Report)

Supporting Information

Regional Board 2 - San Francisco Bay Region

Water Body Name:	Islais Creek
Water Body ID:	CAE2044001020020129151927
Water Body Type:	Estuary


DECISION ID	18119	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Endosulfan sulfate
Final Listing Decision:	Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Reason for Delisting:	Applicable WQS attained; reason for recovery unspecified
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18119, Endosulfan sulfate	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

456

Pollutant:

Endosulfan sulfate

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

The BPTCP Consolidated Toxic Hot Spots Cleanup Plan presents a variety of corrective actions that need to be completed in order for the cove to be remediated. Responsible parties have been identified.

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18119, Endosulfan sulfate	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms.

There shall be no chronic toxicity in ambient waters. Chronic toxicity is a detrimental biological effect on growth rate, reproduction, fertilization success, larval development, population abundance, community composition, or any other relevant measure of the health of an organism, population, or community.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Evaluation of the benthic data were completed using the approaches developed by scientists associated with the BPTCP. The relative benthic index used is a calculated value considering the total fauna, total mollusk species, crustacean species and indicator species at a site. The index ranges from 0 to 1.0. An index value of less than or equal to 0.3 is an indication that pollutants or other factors are negatively impacting the benthic community.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18119, Endosulfan sulfate	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

There shall be no chronic toxicity in ambient waters. Chronic toxicity is a detrimental biological effect on growth rate, reproduction, fertilization success, larval development, population abundance, community composition, or any other relevant measure of the health of an organism, population, or community.

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18119, Endosulfan sulfate	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18119, Endosulfan sulfate	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

457

Pollutant:

Endosulfan sulfate

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Three measurements. Concentration ranges from 3.96 ng/g to 21 ng/g (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

No applicable sediment guideline is available.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was collected over the length of the Creek concurrently with benthic community and toxicity samples.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected in 1997.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	18080	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Ammonia
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

466

Pollutant:

Ammonia

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

Total

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Two samples, both showed significant toxicity in purple urchin tests (Hunt et al., 1998a).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Reference envelope approach was used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Samples taken from one location.

Temporal Representation:

Samples collected in September 1994.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

465

Pollutant:

Ammonia

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

Total

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Two samples exceeding the thresholds in two total measurements using purple sea urchin tests (Hunt et al., 1998a).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Effect thresholds for BPTCP toxicity test protocols (unionized ammonia)
Purple Urchin Development NOEC 0.07 mg/L (Bay et al., 1993)
Purple Urchin Fertilization NOEC >1.4 mg/L (Bay et al., 1993)

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was concurrently collected from samples tested for toxicity.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected in September 1994.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

464

Pollutant:

Ammonia

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18080, Ammonia	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	18236	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Chlordane (sediment)
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

452

Pollutant:

Chlordane

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Eighteen of 46 samples exceed the ERM (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

ERM of 6 ng/g used (Long and Morgan, 1990).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP. All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

450

Pollutant:

Chlordane

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18236, Chlordane (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

451

Pollutant:

Chlordane

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

One of 3 samples exceeded ERM (Hunt et al, 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

ERM of 6 ng/g used (Long and Morgan, 1990).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was collected at same locations as benthic community and toxicity samples.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected in 1997.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	18118	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Dieldrin (sediment)
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

454

Pollutant:

Dieldrin

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

One of 3 samples exceeded ERM (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

ERM of 8 ng/g used (Long et al., 1995).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was collected at same locations as benthic community and toxicity samples.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected in 1997.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

455

Pollutant:

Dieldrin

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Six of 46 samples exceeded the ERM (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

ERM of 8 ng/g used (Long et al., 1995).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Samples were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP. All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

453

Pollutant:

Dieldrin

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18118, Dieldrin (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	18124	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Hydrogen Sulfide
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not Delist from 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18124, Hydrogen Sulfide	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

459

Pollutant:

Hydrogen Sulfide

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

Total

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Six samples exceeding the threshold in six total measurements. Eohaustorius and purple urchin tests (Hunt et al., 1998a).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Effect thresholds for BPTCP toxicity test protocols
Eohaustorius LOEC 0.114 mg/L (Knezovich et al., 1996)
Mytilus LOEC 0.0053 mg/L (Hunt et al., 1998)
Rhepoxynius LOEC 0.087 mg/L (Hunt et al,. 1998)
Purple Urchin Development LOEC 0.0076 mg/L (Knezovich et al., 1996)
Purple Urchin Fertilization LOEC 0.007-0.014 NOEC (Bay et al., 1993)

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was concurrently collected from samples tested for toxicity.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected in September 1994.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (SWRCB, 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18124, Hydrogen Sulfide	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

458

Pollutant:

Hydrogen Sulfide

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	18293	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)
Final Listing Decision:	Do Not List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	Do Not List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of the available data and information, SWRCB staff concludes that the water body-pollutant combination should be removed from the section 303(d) list because the PCB sediment quality is not exceeded and although there is significant sediment toxicity it cannot be determined if the pollutant contributes to or causes the documented toxicity effects.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

449

Pollutant:

PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

One of 46 samples exceeded the sediment quality guideline (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SRBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Sediment guideline of 400 ng/g used (MacDonald et al., 2000).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

448

Pollutant:

PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Chemical monitoring of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

One of 3 samples exceeded sediment guideline (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Sediment guideline of 400 ng/g used (MacDonald et al., 2000).

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

447

Pollutant:

PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)

LOE Subgroup:

Narrative Description Data

Matrix:

-N/A

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Temporal Representation:

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

QA Info Missing

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 18293, PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	19981	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) (sediment)
Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The Regional Board will update this decision when new data and information become available and are assessed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 19981, PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) (sediment)	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

3754

Pollutant:

PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) (sediment)

LOE Subgroup:

Pollutant-Sediment

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

Not Recorded

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Not Specified

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Unspecified--This LOE is a placeholder to support a 303(d) listing decision made prior to 2006.

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference pre-2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Spatial Representation:

Unspecified

Temporal Representation:

Unspecified

Environmental Conditions:

Unspecified

QAPP Information:

Unspecified

QAPP Information Reference(s):


DECISION ID	19410	Region 2
Islais Creek

Pollutant:	Sediment Toxicity
Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)
Last Listing Cycle's Final Listing Decision:	List on 303(d) list (TMDL required list)(2010)
Revision Status	Original
Sources:	Source Unknown
Expected TMDL Completion Date:	2019
Impairment from Pollutant or Pollution:	Pollutant

Regional Board Conclusion:	Region 2 data was not included in the 2012 Integrated Report so all decisions are carried over from the 2010 listing cycle.

Regional Board Decision Recommendation:	No new data were assessed for 2012. The decision has not changed.

State Board Staff Review of Regional Board Conclusion and Recommendation:

State Board Decision Recommendation:	After review of this Regional Board decision, SWRCB staff recommend the decision be approved by the State Board.

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 19410, Sediment Toxicity	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

462

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 7 of 18 samples (Battelle Memorial Institute, 2002).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data were collected between 1998 and 2000.

Environmental Conditions:

Samples were collected in both wet and dry seasons.

QAPP Information:

Methods used were equivalent to those used in the BPTCP QAPP (Stephenson, et al., 1994). All reported data met QA requirements.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 19410, Sediment Toxicity	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

463

Pollutant:

Estuarine Bioassessments

LOE Subgroup:

Population/Community Degradation

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Relative benthic index = 0.22, 0.25, 0.43 (3 benthic gradient samples) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan.

QAPP Information Reference(s):

Line of Evidence (LOE) for Decision ID 19410, Sediment Toxicity	Region 2
Islais Creek

LOE ID:

461

Pollutant:

Sediment Toxicity

LOE Subgroup:

Toxicity

Matrix:

Sediment

Fraction:

None

Beneficial Use:

Estuarine Habitat

Number of Samples:

Number of Exceedances:

Data and Information Type:

Toxicity testing of sediments

Data Used to Assess Water Quality:

Significant amphipod toxicity in 3 of 4 samples (75%). Significant urchin toxicity in 4 of 5 samples (80%) (Hunt et al., 1998b).

Data Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

SWAMP Data:

Non-SWAMP

Water Quality Objective/Criterion:

All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms (SFBRWQCB, 1995).

Objective/Criterion Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Evaluation Guideline:

BPTCP Reference envelope approach used.

Guideline Reference:

Placeholder reference 2006 303(d)

Spatial Representation:

Data was synoptically collected with benthic community and toxicity measurements over the length of the creek.

Temporal Representation:

Data was collected from 9/94 - 9/97.

Environmental Conditions:

QAPP Information:

BPTCP Quality Assurance Project Plan (Stephenson et al., 1994).

QAPP Information Reference(s):