Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
        (SCCWRP)
      Publication_Date: 20060720
      Title:
        2003 Bight03 Coastal Ecology Chemistry Batch
        Information
      Edition: 1.0
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Westminster, California
        Publisher:
          Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
          (SCCWRP)
      Online_Linkage:
        http://www.sccwrp.org:8000/query.php?project=20%2b2003 Bight 03 &parameter=7%2bChemistry Batch [View a Map of this Data]
        http://www.sccwrp.org:8000/toolbox/php/csv/csv.php?star_project=20&star_parameter=7 [Download this Data as an Excel Friendly File]
        ftp://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/BIGHT03/CHEMISTRY/Chemistry.zip [Download this Data with Associated Data Files]
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The Southern California Bight (SCB; Figure I-1),
      an open embayment in the coast between Point
      Conception and Cape Colnett (south of Ensenada),
      Baja California, is an important and unique
      ecological resource.  The SCB is a transitional
      area that is influenced by currents from cold,
      temperate ocean waters from the north and warm,
      tropical waters from the south.  In addition, the
      SCB has a complex topography, with offshore
      islands, submarine canyons, ridges and basins,
      which provide a variety of habitats.  The mixing
      of currents and the diverse habitats in the SCB
      allow for the coexistence of a broad spectrum of
      speceis, including more than 500 speceis of fish
      and several thousand speceis of invertebrates.
      The SCB is also a major migration route, with
      marine bird and mammal populations ranking among
      the most diverse in north temperate waters.  The
      coastal zone of the SCB is a substantial economic
      resource.  Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor is the
      largest commercial port in the United States, and
      San Diego Harbor is home to one of the largest US
      Naval facilities in the country.  More than 100
      million people visit southern California beaches
      and coastal areas annually, bringing an estimated
      $9B into the economy.  Recreational activities
      include diving, swimming, surfing, and boating,
      with about 40,000 pleasure boats docked in 13
      coastal marinas within the region (NRC 1990).
      Recreational fishing brings in more than $500M per
      year.  The SCB is one of the most densely
      populated coastal regions in the country, which
      creates stress upon its marine environment.
      Nearly 20 million people inhabit coastal Southern
      California, a number that is expected to increase
      another 20% by 2010 (NRC 1990).  Population growth
      generally results in conversion of open land into
      non-permeable surfaces.  More than 75% of southern
      Californian bays and estuaries have already been
      dredged and filled for conversion into harbors and
      marinas (Horn and Allen 1985).  This hardening of
      the coast increases the rate of runoff and can
      impact water quality through addition of sediment,
      toxic chemicals, pathogens and nutrients to the
      ocean.  Besides the impacts of land conversion,
      the SCB is already home to fifteen municipal
      wastewater treatment facilities, eight power
      generating stations, 10 industrial treatment
      facilities, and 18 oil platforms that discharge to
      the open coast.  Each year, local, state, and
      federal agencies spend in excess of $31M to
      monitor the environmental quality of natural
      resources in the SCB (Schiff et al 2001).  At
      least 75% of this monitoring is associated with
      National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
      (NPDES) permits and is intended to assess
      compliance of waste discharge with the California
      Ocean Plan and the federal Clean Water Act, which
      set water quality standards for effluent and
      receiving waters.  Some of this information has
      played a significant role in management decisions
      in the SCB.  While these monitoring programs have
      provided important information, they were designed
      to evaluate impacts near individual discharges.
      Today, resource managers are being encouraged to
      develop management strategies for the entire SCB.
      To accomplish this task, they need
      regionally-based information to assess cumulative
      impacts of contaminant inputs and to evaluate
      relative risk among different types of stresses.
      It is difficult to use existing data to evaluate
      regional issues because the monitoring was
      designed to be site-specific and is limited to
      specific geographic areas.  The monitoring
      provides substantial data for some areas, but
      there is little or no data for the areas in
      between.  Beyond the spatial limitations, data
      from these programs are not easily merged to
      examine relative risk.  The parameters measured
      often differ among programs.  Even when the same
      parameters are measured, the methodologies used to
      collect the data often differ and interlaboratory
      quality assurance (QA) exercises to assess data
      comparability are rare.  Previous Regional
      Monitoring Studies  To begin addressing these
      concerns, there have been two previous regional
      monitoring efforts.  The first regional monitoring
      survey in 1994, called the Southern California
      Bight Pilot Project (SCBPP), was a compilation of
      12 agencies that cooperatively sampled 261 sites
      along the continental shelf between Point
      Conception and the United States/Mexico border.
      The second regional monitoring survey, called the
      Southern California Bight 1998 Regional Monitoring
      Project (Bight98), was comprised of 64 agencies
      that cooperatively sampled 416 sites between Point
      Conception and Punta Banda, Mexico.  In both
      surveys, assessments were made of water quality,
      sediment contamination, the status of biological
      resources and speceis diversity, and the presence
      of marine debris in depths of 10 to 200m, with
      some special emphasis in areas of anthropogenic
      inputs such as large publicly owned treatment
      works (POTWs) or large river and creek mouths.
      However, Bight98 extended what was done in 1994
      by adding additional habitats such as offshore
      islands and inshore areas like bays/harbors, as
      well as additional areas of anthropogenic inputs
      such as marinas, ports, and small POTWs.
      Moreover, a regional evaluation of shoreline water
      quality was added in 1998 that provided our first
      evaluation of the swimmability of southern
      California beaches during dry and wet weather.
      Benefits derived from both the SCBPP and Bight98
      also included the development of new useful
      technical tools that could only be developed with
      regional data sets and participation by multiple
      organizations.   For example, the project produced
      iron-normalization curves for the SCB, allowing
      distinction between natural and anthropogenic
      contributions of metals in sediments (Schiff and
      Weisberg 1998).  A Benthic Response Index was
      developed that integrates complex benthic infaunal
      data into an easily interpreted form that
      describes the degree of perturbation at a site
      (Bergen et al. 1998).  Newer, cheaper
      microbiological methods were tested and evaluated
      alongside traditional microbial measurement
      methods and now have been accepted by both the
      state health agencies for routine shoreline
      monitoring (ref).  Bight98 also improved the
      comparability among the major laboratories in the
      SCB as a result of the quality assurance and
      quality control (QA/QC) laboratory
      intercalibration exercises for chemistry and
      microbiology.  The project also produced a series
      of manuals containing standardized field,
      laboratory and data management activities that
      increased continuity of data and data reporting
      among participants, even after the regional
      monitoring surveys were completed.  2003 Survey
      The proposed Southern California Bight 2003
      Regional Monitoring Project (Bight03) is a
      continuation of the successful cooperative
      regional-scale monitoring begun in southern
      California during the 1990s.  Bight03 builds
      upon the previous successes and expands on the
      1998 survey by including new participants,
      sampling more habitats, and measuring more
      parameters or using new methods.  [Number]
      organizations, including international and
      volunteer organizations, have agreed to
      participate (Table I-1).  The inclusion of
      multiple participants, many of them new to
      regional monitoring, provides several benefits.
      Cooperative interactions among many organizations
      with different perspectives and interests,
      including a combination of regulators and
      dischargers, ensures that an appropriate set of
      regional-scale questions will be addressed by the
      study.  The additional resources brought by
      numerous participants also expands the number of
      habitats and indicators that will be sampled.
      Sampling for Bight03 will include all of the
      areas sampled in 1998, plus a new focus on
      nearshore habitats (coastal lagoons) and offshore
      habitats (inner continental slopes and basins).
      Several new technologies will be brought to bear
      in Bight03 including remote sensing from
      satellite, aerial, and land-based platforms, new
      microbial genetic and phenotypic source tracking
      techniques, and radiodating of sediments to
      determine age and accumulation of chemicals in
      sediments.
    Purpose:
      The overall goal of the coastal ecology component
      of Bight03 is to assess the condition of the
      bottom environment and the health of the
      biological resources in the SCB.  To accomplish
      this goal, Bight03 will focus on two primary
      objectives:      1.Estimate the extent and
      magnitude of ecological change in the SCB,
      2.Determine the mass balance of pollutants that
      currently reside within the SCB.  The first
      objective, estimating the amount of area (i.e.,
      number of acres) in the SCB that ecological
      conditions differ from reference conditions, is a
      departure from traditional approaches to
      environmental monitoring, which generally focus on
      estimating average condition.  Estimating the
      areal extent of ecological change offers several
      advantages.  First, it provides a more direct
      assessment of status.  For instance, identifying
      that the average concentration of dissolved oxygen
      in the Bight is 6.7 ppm provides less useful
      information for environmental managers than does
      identifying what percentage of the area in the
      Bight fails to meet water quality standards.  A
      second advantage of estimating areal extent
      concerns trend detection.  If conditions in the
      Bight change over time such that some areas
      improve and others worsen, the average condition
      might not change.  By estimating the areal extent
      of alteration, we will be better able to describe
      these changes.  There are two subobjectives within
      the areal extent and magnitude objective.  The
      first subobjective is to determine if the areal
      extent and magnitude vary among geographic
      regions. If we answer this question, then managers
      can determine if specific areas are in worse
      condition than others, such as areas near
      anthropogenic inputs versus those areas distant
      from inputs.  Therefore, Bight03 will compare
      condition among 11 geographic areas of interest
      (Table II-1).  These subpopulations of our study
      area were selected to represent a range of natural
      and potentially affected habitats, and include all
      of the habitats sampled in 1998.  There are three
      new habitats to be sampled in Bight03.  The first
      two are located offshore of previously sampled
      habitats; the upper continental slope (200-500m)
      and the lower slope and inner basin (500-1000m).
      The break in deep water strata is a reflection of
      an ecotone between upper slope and lower slope
      biological communities.  The third habitat is
      inshore of previous sampled habitats and includes
      coastal lagoons.  Comparison of the relative
      condition among strata not only provides
      information about the geographic distribution of
      impacts, it also allows comparison of relative
      risk from a variety of point and non-point source
      discharges.  Comparison of conditions may be
      conducted by comparing the extent of area
      exceeding a threshold of concern or by comparison
      of mean condition.  The second subobjective within
      the areal extent and magnitude objective is
      assessing the relationship between biological
      responses and contaminant exposure. Such
      associations provide the information necessary for
      risk assessment, and for developing efficient
      regional strategies for protecting the environment
      by identifying the predominant types of stress in
      the SCB ecosystem.  Therefore, this subobjective
      will be accomplished by simultaneously collecting
      numerous measures of biological response,
      contaminant exposure and habitat condition (Table
      II-2) to better identify when exposure has reached
      a level of concern.  Measuring multiple indicators
      also permits us to identify the most likely type
      of exposure leading to biological response.  The
      second primary objective will create a mass
      balance of contaminants in the SCB.  This
      objective recognizes that local monitoring
      programs only address a portion of what is
      discharged to the SCB and that contaminant inputs
      to the SCB are cumulative both among sources and
      over time.  Ultimately, both environmental
      managers and the public want to know what fraction
      of the contaminants that are discharged remain in
      the SCB and what fraction leaves the SCB.
      Therefore, Bight03 will create an inventory of
      contaminants that reside in the SCB in sediment,
      water column, and biological compartments.  The
      total mass of contaminants in these compartments
      will be compared to estimates of mass discharged
      from land based activities.  Understanding how
      much mass is in the SCB will require some new
      measurements including measurements of not just
      sediment chemistry, but estimates of accumulation
      rates in sediments, as well as new measurements in
      the water column.
    Supplemental_Information:
      The full text of the Field Methods Document may be
      obtained from
      http://www.sccwrp.org/regional/03bight/03docs.html
      Sediment Chemistry:  Chemical analysis of
      sediment samples provides an assessment of
      contaminant exposure for bottom dwelling animals.
      Sediment samples will be collected from the top 2
      cm of a Van Veen grab sample.  The chemical
      analyte list includes both inorganic and organics
      (Table II-4) and was developed to include
      contaminants of local interest as well as those
      measured in the nationwide NOAA Status and Trends
      program. Measurement reporting limits have been
      adopted that will allow the data to be compared to
      NOAA sediment quality guidelines for anticipated
      biological effect (Long et al. 1995).  Organics
      Organic compounds in sediments will be extracted
      with solvents and cleaned to remove interfering
      substances.  PAHs will be analyzed by GC/MS or
      HPLC.  Organochlorine pesticides and
      polychlorinated biphenyls will be analyzed by
      GC/ECD.  The accuracy of PCB measurements will be
      enhanced by measuring 41 individual congeners in
      all samples with elevated concentrations.  The PCB
      congener list was selected to include compounds
      that are abundant in the environment and compounds
      with a high potential for toxicity.  Inorganics
      Metals in sediments will be analyzed by ICP,
      ICPMS, or atomic absorption spectrophotometry
      after strong acid digestion.  Mercury will be
      analyzed by cold vapor technique.  In addition to
      trace metals, the reference elements iron and
      aluminum will also be measured in each sample.
      Normalization of the trace metal data to reference
      element concentrations will enable anthropogenic
      contamination to be distinguished from natural
      variations in background concentrations.
      Radiochemistry Radiochemical analyses will be
      conducted on sediment recovered by box corers as
      part of the Mass Balance study.  Sediment samples
      will be prepared following techniques described by
      Alexander et al. (1993) and radiochemical
      activities (210Pb, 137Cs, and 234Th) will be
      determined by gamma spectrometry.  The 210Pb
      (half-life 22.3 y) method will be used to
      determine the accumulation rate of sediment on
      this margin segment.  137Cs activities (half-life
      30.0 y), an impulse tracer produced from
      atmospheric nuclear tests with a peak input in
      1964, will be used to constrain the 210Pb
      accumulation rates.  234 Th (half-life 24 days)
      will be used to determine rates of biological
      mixing of the sediment column. Fish Tissue
      Chemistry:  The objective of the fish tissue
      chemistry measurements will be to estimate health
      risk to marine birds, mammals and wildlife from
      the consumption of prey tissue.   This will be
      addressed by measuring the whole body
      concentration of the chlorinated organics
      compounds asterisked in Table II-4.  In the SCBPP
      and in Bight98, benthic fish speceis were
      selected that maximized exposure to sediment
      pathways and increased reliability that fish would
      be found over a large spatial area (i.e. fish
      guilds).  In Bight03, we will be focusing tissue
      chemistry on pelagic forage fish and squid.  These
      speceis represent an alternate pathway to higher
      order predators and are predominate prey items to
      seabirds and some mammals.  The primary target
      speceis (Table II-5) will be Pacific sardine,
      Northern anchovy, Pacific mackerel, and California
      market squid.  These speceis will be collected
      using two techniques.  The first technique will
      randomly subsample all three target speceis from
      commercial landings used for rendering.  Landings
      will be grouped by CDFG fishing block into
      nearshore, offshore, and channel island strata.
      The second technique will randomly subsample
      Northern anchovy from the commercial live bait
      fishery.  This sampling will target live bait
      barges at nine locations throughout the SCB.
      Habitat Condition  	The distribution of biota is
      also affected by natural habitat factors, such as
      grain size and the amount of organic matter
      present.   Habitat indicators will be measured to
      help distinguish the relative effects of natural
      and anthropogenic factors on biotic distribution.
      Sediment grain size:  Grain size will be measured
      with a laser diffraction technique, a method that
      provides greater resolution between particle size
      classes with less variability than conventional
      pipette techniques.  Two instruments will be used:
      1) A Horiba LA900 which measures 74 size classes
      of particles between 0.05-1019 ?m and 2) a Coulter
      LS230 that measures 116 size classes between
      0.04-2000 ?m.   Total Organic Carbon (TOC): TOC
      will be measured with a Carlo Erba 1108 Elemental
      Analyzer equipped with an AS/23 Autosampler.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20030730
        Ending_Date: 20050829
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: COMPLETE
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As Needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Southern California Bight
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.45623
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.11608
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.46532
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.55048
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: EPA 3055
      Theme_Keyword: EPA 3055A
      Theme_Keyword: EPA 3050B
      Theme_Keyword: ASE
      Theme_Keyword: Station Grid
      Theme_Keyword: Sediment Chemistry
      Theme_Keyword: Tissue Chemistry
      Theme_Keyword: Interstitial Water
      Theme_Keyword: Acid Volitile
      Theme_Keyword: Metals
      Theme_Keyword: Organics
      Theme_Keyword: Pesticides
      Theme_Keyword: PAH
      Theme_Keyword: PCB
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Southern California Bight
      Place_Keyword: southern California Bight
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Larry Cooper or Information Manager
        Contact_Organization:
          Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
          (SCCWRP)
      Contact_Position: Information Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical address
        Address: 7171 Fenwick Lane
        City: Westminster
        State_or_Province: California
        Postal_Code: 92683
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 714.894.2222
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 714.894.9699
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: larryc@sccwrp.org
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions: email preferred
  Data_Set_Credit: Bight03 Participants
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Access Version 2000
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Coordinates accurate to within 100 ft
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    The tables may be related by the StationID field
    or the SampleID field where applicable.
  Completeness_Report:
    The Following Stations were abandoned: StationID
    FailureReason Comments 4013 Comment Required No
    Access 4014 Poor Closure Rocks & hard clay
    prevented jaw from closing correctly. 4016 Comment
    Required Permission not granted by Camp Pendleton
    to sample in harbor 4044 Comment Required Inside
    sub base can't access 4046 Comment Required
    Salinity < 19 PSU.  Equipment type used - YSI 4054
    Rocky Bottom Penetration could not be obtained.
    4078 Comment Required Salinity < 19 PSU.
    Equipment type used - YSI 4081 Comment Required On
    Land 4082 Rocky Bottom Cobble & rocks interfered
    with the proper closure to the jaw. 4112 Comment
    Required Target coordinates on land, closest water
    is 0.1 mile away 4114 Comment Required Too shallow
    to reach by boat, within shallow water habitat
    4136 Comment Required Salinity <19 ppt 4139
    Obstructions Site located on the inside of the
    south Ventura Harbor jetty.Both grabs and trawls
    unsafe due to boat traffic and public recreation.
    4174 Comment Required Salinity < 19 PSU.
    Equipment type used - YSI 4175 Kelp Bed Kelp Bed,
    heavy oil slick 4176 Comment Required Salinity <19
    ppt 4180 Comment Required To shallow (2.5 m) depth
    at abandonment.  Could not get closer than 0.337
    nm (624 m)  to site 4225 No Failure Coordinates on
    land, offset 8 m. Station abandoned due to
    salinity less than 19 psu 4226 Obstructions Cannot
    sample station. Navagation hazard. Cable and
    pipeline crossing area. 4245 Comment Required No
    Access 4247 Rocky Bottom Reef in all locations.
    Past experience with lost trawl nets on same
    tracks. Total of 6 grabs attempted with no luck.
    4289 Comment Required No Access 4292 Kelp Bed Kelp
    bed w/in 1/2 mile radius of site. 4293 Rocky
    Bottom Entire channel is rocky bottom, unable to
    sample 4302 Comment Required Salinity < 19 PSU.
    Equipment type used - YSI 4310 Poor Closure Hard
    clay prevented the jaw from penetrating and/or
    closing. 4334 Rocky Bottom Poor or no penetration
    occurred at all sites. 4353 Comment Required
    Harbor seal sanctuary; access limited to canoes
    4372 Comment Required Too shallow. Closest to site
    2.365 nm (491 m). Depth at abandonment 3.0 m (edge
    of channel) 4373 Comment Required No Access 4375
    Poor Closure 7 grabs attempted. None good. Reef,
    cobble and rock in all locations. Trawl tracks no
    good either, nets lost in area on previous
    occasions. 4382 Comment Required Site outside
    depth limit of stratum.  Unable to reoccupy within
    100 m of target coordinates and within 10% of the
    500 m stratum depth limit 4387 No Failure Site
    located on land. Closest possible sampling site
    over 100m from nominal location. 4388 Rocky Bottom
    Rocky bottom 4389 Comment Required steep angle
    rocky bottom 96 m nominal  Abandoned: met grab
    attempt requirement 4422 Comment Required Salinity
    <19 ppt 4442 Comment Required Station depth at a
    +1.3 m tide is 2.1 m. A 3.0 m depth within 100 m
    of station could not be found. Also station is
    located app. 50m into a no power boat zone. 4468
    Comment Required Salinity < 19 PSU.  Equipment
    type used - YSI 4508 Rocky Bottom Station on land.
    Rocks and terrestrial debris prevented the jaw
    from closing. 4528 Rocky Bottom No penetration
    occurred at all sites.  Station on land. 4532 >
    200m Station >140 meters out of water 4564 Comment
    Required Salinity < 19 PSU.  Equipment type used -
    YSI 4728 Rocky Bottom 9 attempts across channel in
    vicinity, none successful due to poor closure.
    4948 Rocky Bottom Rocky bottom caused constant
    poor closure/zero recovery 4999 Comment Required
    Salinity <19 ppt 5336 Comment Required Salinity
    <19 ppt 5723 No Failure Salinity below 20psu 5731
    No Failure Salinity below 20psu 5763 No Failure
    Upstream of 5731, salinity below 20psu
  Lineage:
    Methodology:
      Methodology_Type: Field
      Methodology_Type: Field
      Methodology_Description:
        Sediment Chemistry Samples  Following collection
        of benthic infauna, the next grab(s) will be taken
        for sediment chemistry samples.  More than one
        grab may be necessary to meet the sample volume
        requirements of this sample type.  If a second
        grab is necessary, the sediment from each grab
        will be distributed evenly among the individual
        sample containers.  Sediment samples will be
        collected by randomly sub-sampling the top 2 cm of
        the undisturbed surface material with a stainless
        steel scoop (a plastic scoop is acceptable for TOC
        and grain size samples).  At the very minimum,
        scoops will be washed with soap and water and
        rinsed with de-ionized (DI) water between
        stations.  Use of a new scoop with each sample is
        also acceptable.  Sediment in contact with or
        within 1 cm of the metal sides of the grab will be
        avoided to prevent sample contamination.   The
        target volume for the sediment chemistry samples
        is 100 grams for grain size and 200 grams for the
        other three analytes.  The goal is to collect
        enough sediment at each site to satisfy the target
        volumes for these samples.  If conditions are
        particularly difficult at any sampling site and
        nine grabs have been attempted with only
        intermittent success, the minimum acceptable
        volume for the sediment chemistry samples is 100
        grams.  If less than 100 grams has been collected
        for any of the analytes, the samples will be
        discarded and the reasons for incomplete sampling
        at the site will be recorded.  The following
        container types, samples sizes, and storage
        requirements will be used with the analytical
        laboratory supplying all sample containers for all
        parameters:   1)	Sediment Grain Size  Using a
        stainless steel or plastic scoop, approximately
        100 g of sediment material will be collected at
        each station. The sample shall be placed in a 4-oz
        (118 mL) whirlpak, plastic, or glass container,
        taking care to leave an air space at the top.
        Samples should be stored at approximately 4o C by
        placing them on wet ice or in a refrigerator until
        returned to the laboratory.  Do not freeze these
        samples.  They should be returned to the
        analytical laboratory within a week of sampling.
        2) 	Total Organic Carbon -- Using a stainless
        steel scoop, approximately 200 g of sediment
        material will be collected at each station. The
        sample shall be placed in an 8-oz (~250 mL) glass
        container, with a Teflon-lined lid filling the
        container 80% full, taking care to leave an air
        space at the top. A minimum of 100 g is acceptable
        but only if sampling cannot otherwise be completed
        at site.  Samples should be stored at <4 C by
        placing them on wet ice or in a refrigerator, but
        must be frozen within 24 hours. If frozen, they
        should be returned to the laboratory within a
        week; if not, they should be returned to the
        analytical laboratory within 24 hours.  3) 	Trace
        Metals -- Using a plastic or stainless steel
        scoop, approximately 200 g of sediment material
        will be collected at each station. The sample
        shall be placed in a 8-oz (~250 mL) plastic or
        glass container, with a Teflon-lined lid filling
        the container 80% full, taking care to leave an
        air space at the top. A minimum of 100 g is
        acceptable but only if sampling cannot otherwise
        be completed at site.  Samples should be stored at
        <4 C by placing them on wet ice or in a
        refrigerator but must be frozen within 24 hours.
        If frozen, they should be returned to the
        laboratory within a week; if not, they should be
        returned to the analytical laboratory within 24
        hours.  4) 	Trace Organics -- Using a stainless
        steel scoop, approximately 200 g of sediment
        material will be collected at each station. The
        sample shall be placed in a 8-oz (~250 mL) glass
        container, with a Teflon-lined lid filling the
        container 80% full, taking care to leave an air
        space at the top. A minimum of 100 g is acceptable
        but only if sampling cannot otherwise be completed
        at site.  Samples should be stored at <4 C by
        placing them on wet ice or in a refrigerator but
        must be frozen within 24 hours. If frozen, they
        should be returned to the laboratory within a
        week. If not frozen, they should be returned to
        the analytical laboratory within 24 hours.  If any
        samples need to be transported to another
        organization for processing, they should be packed
        in dry ice and shipped to SCCWRP via overnight
        express, or a local carrier.  Labeling of sample
        containers will be the responsibility of the field
        sampling crew.  The following minimum information
        will be required on each sample label: 1) sampling
        agency name; 2) station number; 3) sampling date;
        and 4) parameter.   Samples that will be analyzed
        by the organization conducting the field
        collection will be returned to their laboratory by
        the field crew.  Samples to be analyzed by other
        laboratories will be transported to SCCWRP for
        later distribution.  It is recommended that SCCWRP
        (Darrin Greenstein, 714/372-9224) be contacted
        prior to delivery of samples so that arrangements
        can be made to transfer custody (Appendix 6).  A
        completed chain of custody form must accompany all
        shipments of samples.  Allow time for verification
        of the chain of custody.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: All data was processed through QA procedures.
      Process_Date: 20040301
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: .00001
      Longitude_Resolution: .00001
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodedic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio:
        298.257
        4.2.2.1 Depth Datum Name:

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
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    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblStations
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: StationID
      Attribute_Definition: A geographic location label
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: the station list for the project
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblChemistryBatchData
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LabCode
      Attribute_Definition: Agency code from luList01_AgencyCodes
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: luList01_AgencyCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: A list of participating agencies
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CLAEMD
      Attribute_Definition: Los Angeles City Environmental Monitoring Division
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CRG
      Attribute_Definition: CRG Labs
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: CSD
      Attribute_Definition: San Diego City
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: LabCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LACSD
      Attribute_Definition: Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: LabCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: OCSD
      Attribute_Definition: Orange County Sanitation Districts
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: LabCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SCCWRP
      Attribute_Definition: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: LabCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: USC
      Attribute_Definition: University of Southern California
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: LabCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList01_Agency
            Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblChemistryBatchData
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Comments
      Attribute_Definition: Additional comments
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Additional Remarks
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblChemistryBatchData
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PreparationDate
      Attribute_Definition:
        The date the sample was extracted expressed as
        dd-mmm-yyyy
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 20030730
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 20050829
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblChemistryBatchData
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PreparationCode
      Attribute_Definition:
        The Preparation Code from
        luLIst25_PreparationCodes
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: luList25_PreparationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Preparation Codes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: 90% Acetone
      Attribute_Definition:
        90% Acetone Extract for chlorophyll a and
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      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ASE
      Attribute_Definition: Accelerated Solvent Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA245.5
      Attribute_Definition:
        Mercury in Sediment (Cold Vapor with Permanganate
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      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA3050B
      Attribute_Definition:
        Strong Acid Hot Plate or Microwave Method
        (EPA3050B)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA3051
      Attribute_Definition: Strong Acid Microwave Method (EPA 3051)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA7471
      Attribute_Definition: Permanganate water bath using Potassium
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LIPIDEXTRACTION
      Attribute_Definition: Lipid Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: NA
      Attribute_Definition: No Applicable Prepcode
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: NR
      Attribute_Definition: Missing data
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Solvent extraction
      Attribute_Definition: Solvent extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SOXHLET
      Attribute_Definition: Soxhlet Solvent Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: 90% Acetone
      Attribute_Definition:
        90% Acetone Extract for chlorophyll a and
        phaeopigment
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ASE
      Attribute_Definition: Accelerated Solvent Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA245.5
      Attribute_Definition:
        Mercury in Sediment (Cold Vapor with Permanganate
        Digestion)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA3050B
      Attribute_Definition:
        Strong Acid Hot Plate or Microwave Method
        (EPA3050B)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA3051
      Attribute_Definition: Strong Acid Microwave Method (EPA 3051)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: EPA7471
      Attribute_Definition: Permanganate water bath using Potassium
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LIPIDEXTRACTION
      Attribute_Definition: Lipid Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: NA
      Attribute_Definition: No Applicable Prepcode
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: NR
      Attribute_Definition: Missing data
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
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            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Solvent extraction
      Attribute_Definition: Solvent extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SOXHLET
      Attribute_Definition: Soxhlet Solvent Extraction
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: PrepCode
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
            luList25_Prepar
            ationCodes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
            Bight03
            Information Management Plan

    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: tblChemistryBatchData
      Entity_Type_Definition: TABLE
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PreparationBatchID
      Attribute_Definition:
        The code for all of the samples processed in the
        same batch.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Bight03 Information Management Plan
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain:
          The code for all of the samples processed in the
          same batch.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Larry Cooper or Information Manager
        Contact_Organization:
          Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
          (SCCWRP)
      Contact_Position: Information Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 7171 Fenwick Lane
        City: Westminster
        State_or_Province: California
        Postal_Code: 92683
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 714.894.2222
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 714.894.9699
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: larryc@sccwrp.org
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions: email preferred
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although these data have been processed
    successfully on a computer system at SCCWRP, no
    warranty expressed or implied is made regarding
    the accuracy or utility of the data on any other
    system or for general or scientific purposes, nor
    shall the act of distribution constitute any such
    warranty. This disclaimer applies both to
    individual use of the data and aggregate use with
    other data.  It is strongly recommended that these
    data are directly acquired from a MLML server, and
    not indirectly through other sources which may
    have changed the data in some way.  It is also
    strongly recommended that careful attention be
    paid to the contents of the metadata file
    associated with these data.  MLML shall not be
    held liable for improper or incorrect use of the
    data described and/or contained herein.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20060720
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Larry Cooper or Information Manager
        Contact_Organization:
          Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
          (SCCWRP)
      Contact_Position: Information Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical address
        Address: 7171 Fenwick Lane
        City: Westminster
        State_or_Province: California
        Postal_Code: 92683
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 714.894.2222
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 714.894.9699
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: larryc@sccwrp.org
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday Through Friday
      Contact_Instructions: email preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name:
    NBII Content Standard for National Biological
    Information Infrastructure Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1985
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
